NCERT Solutions Class 9th Social Science History Chapter – 2 Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution
| Textbook | NCERT |
| Class | Class – 9th |
| Subject | Social Science (History) |
| Chapter | 2nd |
| Chapter Name | Socialism in Europe and the Russia Revolution |
| Category | Class 9th Social Science (History) |
| Medium | English |
| Source | Last Doubt |
| NCERT Solutions Class 9th Social Science History Chapter – 2 Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution Question & Answer – What is socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution Class 9. What is Russian Revolution Class 9 short answer. What is socialism Class 9 Chapter 2 history. |
NCERT Solutions Class 9th Social Science History Chapter – 2 Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution
Chapter – 2
Socialism in Europe and the Russia Revolution
Question Answer
| Question 1. What were the social, economic and political conditions in Russia before 1905? Answer – Social Condition – Workers were a divided group. Some had strong links with the villages; others had settled permanently in cities. Workers were divided based on their skills. The division among workers reflected in their dress and manners too. Economic Condition – Most industries were the private property of industrialists. Government supervised large factories. The industry was found in pockets. Many factories were set up in the 1890s when Russia’s railway network was extended, foreign investment in industry increased, coal production had doubled, and iron and steel output quadrupled. Most industries were the private property of industrialists.Political condition – Russia was an autocracy. Unlike other European countries, The Tsar was not subject to a Parliament. Liberals in Russia campaigned to end this state of affairs.Socialist Revolutionary Party struggled for Peasants rights – 1905 was the year when the incident of ‘Bloody Sunday’ took place. 100 workers were killed, and about 300 were wounded. Bloody Sunday started a series of events that became known as the 1905 revolution. |
| Question 2. In what ways was the working population in Russia different from other countries in Europe, before 1917? Answer – The vast majority of Russia’s population were agriculturists. About 85 per cent of Russian empires population earned their living from Agriculture. This proportion was higher than in most European countries. In France and Germany, the proportion was between 40 per cent and 50 per cent. Cultivators produced for the market as well as for their own needs and Russia was a major exporter of grain. |
| Question 3. Why did the Tsarist autocracy collapse in 1917? Answer – After 1905, most trade unions and factory committees were declared illegal. There were restrictions on political activity. The Tsar dismissed the first 2 Dumas very quickly because he did not want his authority and powers to be questioned. The third Duma was filled with Conservative politicians. During the 1st world war, the tsar started taking unilateral decisions without consulting the Duma. While Russian soldiers were retreating from the war, large swathes of agricultural lands were burnt and buildings destroyed by them on the orders of Tsar. Millions of soldiers have also died in the battle. The large majority of the population were peasants, and the land was under the control of a few private people. All these factors led to the rise of revolution and the collapse of Tsar autocracy. |
| Question 4. Make two lists: one with the main events and the effects of the February Revolution and the other with the main events and effects of the October Revolution. Write a paragraph on who was involved in each, who were the leaders and what was the impact of each on Soviet history. Answer – February Revolution:
Effects:
October Revolution:
Effects:
• During the February Revolution, the factory workers and the Government Regiments played an important role. The workers and the regiments joined together. The major impact of the February Revolution was the downfall of the Russian Monarchy and the establishment of the Petrograd Soviet. • Vladimir Lenin, the Bolshevik leader, played a major role during the October revolution. His Bolshevik Party overthrew the Provisional Government and gained power. The Russian Communist Party came into existence. |
| Question 5. What were the main changes brought about by the Bolsheviks immediately after the October Revolution? Answer – Many changes were brought about by the Bolsheviks after the October Revolution. They were: 1. Industries and banks were nationalised. This meant that the government now had their ownership and management. The land was declared social property and peasants were allowed to seize the land of the nobility. In cities, Bolsheviks enforced the partition of large houses according to family requirements. 2. The use of the old titles of the aristocracy was banned. New uniforms for the army and officials were designed. 3. The Bolshevik Party was renamed as the Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik). 4. Despite opposition by their political allies, the Bolsheviks made peace with Germany and withdrew from the First World War. 5. In the later years, the Bolsheviks became the only party to participate in the elections to the All Russian Congress of Soviets. It became the Parliament of Russia. |
| Question 6. Write a few lines to show what you know about: (i) Kulaks (ii) The Duma (iii) Women workers between 1900 and 1930. (iv) The Liberals. (v) Stalins collectivization programme. Answer – (i) Kulaks: They were the well-to-do peasants who were supposed to be holding stocks in the hope of higher prices. They were raided so that they may be eliminated in order to develop modern farms and establish state-controlled large farms. (ii) The Duma: The Duma was a consultative parliament that was created on the permission of the Tsar during the 1905 Revolution. (iii) Women workers between 1900 and 1930: Women made up 31% of the factory labour force, but were paid between 1/2 and 3/4 of a man’s wages. They actively led the strikes in many factories. They even worked on collective farms.(iv) The Liberals: They were a group which looked to change society. They wanted a nation which tolerated all religions and opposed the uncontrolled power of dynastic rulers. They argued for a representative, elected parliamentary government subject to laws interpreted by a well-trained judiciary independent of rulers and officials. (v) Stalin’s collectivisation programme: Stalin hoped to solve the problem of food shortage by combining small farms with large and modern farms. This was collectivisation programme that began in 1929. Peasants were forced to work in these state-controlled collective farms called Kolkhoz. |
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