NCERT Solutions Class 9th Social Science Economics Chapter – 2 People as Resource Notes in which we What is India’s human capital?, What is physical capital class 9?, What is the full form of HRD?, What is resource class 9?, What are man made resources?, How can we use people as resource?, How can we make people as resource?, What is the conclusion of people as resources?, What are 5 types of resources?, What are types of resources?, What is resource answers?, What’s the primary sector?, What is human capital formation class 9?, Why are resources important to the people of an area?, What is a resource? Will read about etc.
NCERT Solutions Class 9th Social Science Economics Chapter – 2 People as Resource
Chapter – 2
People as Resource
Notes
People as Resource – People as a resource is a way of referring to a country’s workforce in terms of their existing skills and abilities. Human beings perform many activities which can be grouped into Economic and Non-Economic.
Economic Activities – Economic activities refer to those activities of a man/woman which are undertaken for a monetary gain to satisfy his/her needs. The activities of workers, farmers, shopkeepers, manufacturers, doctors, lawyers, taxi drivers, etc. fall under this category.
Non-Economic Activities – Non-economic activities are ones that are not undertaken for any monetary gain. These are also called unpaid activities, e.g., Puja in one’s own home, housekeeping, helping the poor, etc.
Types of Economic activities – Economic activities can be of two types–
Market Activities
Market activities are performed for remuneration i.e pay or profit.
Eg. Agriculture activities for selling crops produced.
Non-Market Activities
Non-market activities are the activities carried out for self-consumption or production of fixed assets.
Eg. Kitchen garden
Economic Activities by Men and Women – Economic activities are development and wealth-producing activities. It creates economic and financial gain by producing goods and services and adds value to the national income.
Human Capital – Human capital is the stock of skill and productive knowledge embodied in human beings. Population (human beings) become human capital when it is provided with better education, training, and health care facilities.
Human Capital Formation – When the existing human resource is further developed by spending on making the workforce more educated and healthy, it is called human capital formation.
Quality of Population – The quality of the population depends upon the literacy rate, life expectancy, and skills formation acquired by the people of the country.
Importance of Education – Education is the most important component of human resource development because It helps individuals to make better use of the economic opportunities available to them. It contributes to the growth of society and also enhances the national income, cultural richness, and efficiency of governance.
Steps were taken by Government to spread Education – Measures like Sarva Siksha Abhiyan (SSA), Mid-Day Meal Scheme (MDM), and Right to Education Act (RTE) have been introduced to push education to the farthest end.
Health – The health of a person helps him to realize his potential and the ability to fight illness. An unhealthy person becomes a liability for an organization. Health is an indispensable basis for realizing one’s well-being. A healthy mind creates a healthy environment which is essential for the development of a country. The National Health Policy to aims at improving the accessibility of health care, Family welfare, and nutritional services, especially for the weaker and the underprivileged section of society.
Literacy Rate – The literacy rate is the percentage of the population of an area at a particular time aged seven years or above who can read and write with understanding.
Life Expectancy – Life expectancy is the average period that a person may expect to live. The birth rate is the number of live babies born per 1000 of the population during a year.
Death Rate – Death rate or mortality rate is the number of people who die per 1000 of the population during a year.
Infant Mortality – The infant mortality rate is the number of deaths per 1000 live births of children under one year of age.
The sector of the Indian Economy
Primary Sector
Secondary Sector
Tertiary Sector
Primary Sector – It includes those activities which are directly related to the extraction of natural resources. For Example – agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishing, poultry, farming, and mining etc.
Secondary Sector – It includes those activities which extract its raw material from the primary sector and modify them into other useful products. For Example – sugar from sugarcane, manufacturing steel from raw iron, etc.
Tertiary Sector – It is also called the service sector as it provides the service to the above two sectors and helps them to flourish. For Example – eg, banking, transportation, communication, etc.
Unemployment – Unemployment is said to exist when people who are willing to work at the prevailing wage rates cannot find jobs. When we talk of unemployed people, we refer to those in the age group of 15-59 years. Children below 15 years of age and old people above 60 are not considered while counting the number of unemployed.
Types of Unemployment
Seasonal Unemployment – It occurs when people fail to get work during some months of the year (that is, during the off-season). Farm labourers usually face this kind of problem.
Disguised Unemployment – It refers to a situation wherein the number of workers in a job is more than actually required to do the job. The extra number of workers is disguisedly unemployed. This also can be seen in the agricultural workforce where more than the required number (say 8 people) of a family member is involved in work that could be done by three (3) people only. This means those 5 people are disguisedly unemployed as their presence or absence does not matter.
Urban unemployment – It occurs when the educated person does not get employment according to their educational level or has to work below it. People having a higher degree of educational qualifications do not have work to do or a computer engineering degree holder is working as a data entry operator in a firm.
Impacts of Unemployment
Unemployment leads to the wastage of manpower resources.
People who are an asset to the economy turn into liabilities.
There is a feeling of hopelessness and despair among the youth.
Unemployment tends to increase economic overload.
Unemployment has a detrimental impact on the overall growth of an economy.
An increase in unemployment is an indicator of a depressed economy.
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