NCERT Solutions Class 8th History Chapter – 8 The Making of the National Movement: 1870s–1947 Question & Answer

The Making of the National Movement 1870s–1947
last doubt

NCERT Solutions Class 8th History Chapter – 8 The Making of the National Movement: 1870s – 1947

Text BookNCERT
Class  8th
Subject  Social Science (History)
Chapter8th
Chapter NameThe Making of the National
Movement: 1870s – 1947
CategoryClass 8th Social Science (History)
Medium English
SourceLast Doubt
NCERT Solutions Class 8th History Chapter – 8 The Making of the National Movement: 1870s–1947 Question & Answer- What was the national movement of India from 1847 to 1947?, What was the national movement of India from 1857 to 1947?, What was the national movement from 1920 to 1947?, What was the Indian national movement 1870?, Which movement started in 1947?, What national movement was between 1942 and 1947?, What is national movement?, What was the national movement in India 1885 to 1905?, Why is the Indian National Congress 1919 1947 referred to as the Gandhian era Class 8?, What is nationalism class 8 history?, What is Indian National Movement 1917?, What

NCERT Solutions Class 8th History Chapter – 8 The Making of the National Movement: 1870s – 1947

Chapter – 8

The Making of the National Movement: 1870s -1947

Question Answer

Question 1. Why were people dissatisfied with British rule in the 1870s and 1880s?

Ans- People Were dissatisfied with the British rule in the 1870s and 1880s.


The reasons behind this were:


(i) The Arms Act was passed in 1878. The Act disallowed Indians from possessing
arms.


(ii) The government tried to introduce Ilbert Bill in 1883. The bill made provisions
for the trial of British or European persons by Indians.But opposition by white
people showed their racial attitude and indians were enraged by this.


(iii) The vernacular press act of 1878 curbed the freedom of speech and expression.

Question 2. Who did the Indian National Congress wish to speak for?
Ans-
(i) The Indian National Congress wished to speak for all the people of India,
irrespective of class, colour, caste, creed, language or gender.

(ii) It stated that India, its resources and systems were not for anyone class or community of India, but for all the different communities of India.
Question 3. What economic impact did the First World War have on India?

Ans- The First World War changed, the economic and political situation in India as.

(i) There was a huge rise in the defence expenditure of the Government of India.

(ii) The government increased tax on individual incomes and business profits.

(iii) There was a great demand for industrial goods due to the war and this resulted

in the decline of European goods being imported into India.

This, in turn, gave the Indian Industrialists a chance to expand their production.

(iv) Villages were pressurised to supply soldiers and due to this people were
unhappy.
Question 4. What did the Muslim League resolution of 1940 ask for?

Ans- In 1940 the Muslim League passed a resolution demanding “Independent
states” for Muslims in the North-Western and Eastern areas of the country.

Question 5. Who were the Moderates? How did they propose to struggle against British rule?

Ans- During the first twenty years, after its formation, the Congress was ‘moderate’ in its objectives and methods. Some of the moderate leaders were Dadabhai Naoroji, Pherozeshah Mehta, Badruddin Tyabji, WC Bonnerjee, Surendranath Banerjee, Romesh Chandra Dun,s Subramania lyer.

(i) They proposed to struggle against the British in a non-violent manner, which the
Radicals called the politics of prayers.

(ii) They demanded that Indians be placed in high positions in the government.

(iii) They wanted the Legislative Council to be made more representative, given more power and introduced in provinces where it was not.
Question 6. How was the politics of the Radicals within the Congress different from that of the Moderates?

Ans- In Bengal, Maharashtra and Punjab, many leaders adapted more radical means to gain freedom from the British.Some of the important Radical leaders were Bipin Chandra Pal, Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Lala Lajpat Rai who were known as Lal Bal Pal.They criticised the moderates for their ‘politics of prayers’ and emphasised the importance ofself-reliance and constructive work. Radicals argued that people rely on their own strength noton the ‘good’ intentions of the colonial power.

Question 7. Discuss the various forms that the Non-Cooperation Movement took in different parts of India. How did the people understand Gandhiji?

Ans- During 1921 and 1922 the Non-Cooperation Movement gained impetus. Thousands of left government-controlled schools and colleges.

Many lawyers like, Motilal Nehru, CR Das, C Rajagopalachari and Asaf Ali gave up their practices. People lit public bonfires of foreign cloth.

The imports of foreign cloth fell drastically between 1920-1922. In Kheda, Gujarat, Patidar peasants organised non-violent, campaigns against high land revenue fixed by the British.

People in different parts of the country took Gandhiji’s call for participation with their own notion.
Question 8. Why did Gandhiji choose to break the salt law?

Ans- The British introduced a law stating that the state had a monopoly on the manufacture and sale of salt. It also imposed a tax on the sale of salt. Mahatma Gandhi and other national leaders felt that it was wrong to impose a tax on salt which was an essential commodity for food.

The leaders decided to oppose this tax. In 1930, Gandhiji declared that he would lead a march to
break the Salt Law. The Salt March was related to the desire for freedom felt by all the rich and the poor.

Gandhiji and his followers marched for over 240 miles from Sabarmati to the coastal town of Dandi where they broke the government law by gathering natural salt found on the seashore a boiled seawater to produce salt. Peasants, tribals and women participated in large numbers. Pamphlets were published on the Salt Satyagraha.
Question 9. Discuss those developments of the 1937-47 period that led to the creation of Pakistan.

Ans- The developments of the 1937-47 period that led to the creation of Pakistani are as follow.
I. In 1937, the government announced elections to the provincial legislatures. The Congress was victorious in 7 out of 11 provinces and formed governments in the 7 provinces. This result convinced the Muslim League that Muslims were a minority.

II. In 1940, the Muslim League passed a resolution demanding ‘Independent States’ for
Muslims in the North-Western and Eastern areas of the country.

III. In 1946, elections to the provinces were held. The Congress did well in the ‘general
constituencies’ at the same time the Muslim League succeeded very well in areas where seats were reserved for Muslims.

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