NCERT Solutions Class 8th History Chapter – 3 Ruling the Countryside Question & Answer

May 21, 2022

NCERT Solutions Class 8th History Chapter – 3 Ruling the Countryside

Text Book	NCERT
Class	8^th
Subject	Social Science (History)
Chapter	3^rd
Chapter Name	Ruling the Countryside
Category	Class 8th Social Science (History)
Medium	English
Source	Last Doubt

NCERT Solutions Class 8th History Chapter – 3 Ruling the Countryside Question & Answer- for example What is ruling the countryside?, What is blue rebellion?, What did the British realise about the countryside?, What is history class 8 very short answer?, What I found challenging in ruling the countryside?, What was the rebellion in the countryside notes?, What were the rules of Permanent Settlement?, Who introduced the Permanent Settlement?, What is history best answer?, Why dates are important?, Who is the father of history Class 8?, How did rebellion spread in countryside?, Why did ruling the countryside become a necessity?, What was the rebellion in the countryside by tribals?, Why is the countryside more peaceful?, Why do we love countryside?, What do you mean by NIJ and Ryoti?, What are the benefits of countryside?, What about life in the countryside?, How to live in countryside?

NCERT Solutions Class 8th History Chapter – 3 Ruling the Countryside

Chapter – 3

Ruling the Countryside

Question Answer

Question 1. Match the following –

Ryot	Village
Mahal	Peasant
Nij	Cultivation on ryot’s lands
Ryoti	Cultivation on planter’s own land

Ans-

Ryot	Peasant
Mahal	Village
Nij	Cultivation on planter’s own land
Ryoti	Cultivation on ryot’s lands

Question 2. Fill in the blanks

1. Growers of woad in Europe saw —— as a crop which would provide competition to their earnings.
2. The demand for indigo increased in late eighteenth-century Britain because of ———
3. The international demand for indigo was affected by the discovery of————
3. The Champaran movement was against ————

Ans-1.Indigo
2.industrialization
3.synthetic dyes
4.indigo planters

Question 3. Describe the main features of the Permanent Settlement.

Ans- Main features of the permanent settlements –

1. Permanent Settlements benefited landlords more than the government. The Zamindars and revenue collectors were converted into numerous landlords.

2. They were not only to act as agents of the Government in collecting land revenue from the ryot but also to become the owners of the entire land in their Zamindaris.

3. Their right of ownership was made hereditary and transferable. On the other hand, the cultivators were reduced to the low status of mere tenants and were deprived of long-standing rights to the soil and other customary rights.

4. The Zamindars were to give 10/11th of the rental they derived from the peasantry to the state, keeping the only 1/11th for themselves.

5. If the rental of a Zamindar’s estate increased he would keep the entire amount of the increase. The state would not make any further demand upon him. At the same time, the Zamindar had to pay his revenue rigidly on the due date even if the crop had failed for some reason; otherwise, his lands were to be sold.

Question 4. How was the Mahalwari system different from the Permanent Settlement?

Ans- Difference between Mahalwari System and Permanent Settlement –

1. Under the permanent settlement, the revenue rate was fixed Permanently, not to be increased. But in the Mahalwari System, it was decided that the rate of revenue would be revised periodically.

2. Zamindars collected the revenue from peasants in Permanent Settlement and gave a fixed part to the company. In Mahalwari this work was done by village headmen.

Question 5. Give two problems that arose with the New Munro System of Fixing Revenue.Ans-

The ryots were supposed to improve their lands, but they did not. The system supposed peasants to get changed into rich enterprising farmers, but this did not happen.
The revenue officials fixed too high a revenue demand. Ryots were not able to pay this much revenue.

Question 6. Why were ryots reluctant to grow indigo?

Ans- The reluctance of Ryots to grow Indigo –

1. The planters generally forced the ryots to sign a contract.

2. Cash advances were given at low-interest rates but that loan committed the ryots to cultivate at least 25% of holding with indigo.

3. The planter provided seed, drill, etc. and actual cultivation was done by the cultivator.
4. After the delivery of the harvested crop to the planter, a new loan was given to the ryot.

5. This way the ryot \yas trapped in a cycle of the loan. They realized that they were actually getting a low rate for their hard labour.

6. Planters forced the ryots to grow indigo on the best soils. Whereas the cultivators wanted to use that for rice.

Question 7. What were the circumstances which led to the eventual collapse of indigo production in Bengal?

Ans-

1. The indigo cultivators in Bengal were given loans but for that, they had to grow indigo on at least 25 percent of the area under their holdings.

2. The planters provided only seed and drill. The rest of the works till the crop was harvested, was to be done by the ryots.

3. The price the ryots got for their indigo, was very low. They had to take loans to repay their previous loans. Thus, the cycle of loans was never-ending.

4. The planters usually insisted that indigo should be cultivated on the best soils in which peasants preferred to cultivate rice.

5. The indigo crops exhausted the soil rapidly. After an indigo harvest, the land could not be sown with rice. These were certain circumstances which led to the eventual collapse of indigo production in Bengal.

Question 8. Find out more about the Champaran movement and Mahatma Gandhi’s role in it.Ans- Hints: Discuss the following points:

The oppressive attitude of the British Government.
The rebellion of the Ryot peasants.
Gandhiji’s role in it.

Question 9. Look into the history of either tea or coffee plantations in India. See how the life of workers in these plantations was similar to or different from that of workers in indigo plantations.

Ans- Hints: Life in Tea Plantations of Assam –

1. Estate owners

2. Workers
(a) Wages (b) Habitation (c) Facilities

3. Problems.
Life in the Indigo Fields

4. Cultivators or Zamindars were the owners.

5. Generally, cultivators worked in fields themselves.

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