NCERT Solutions Class 8th Geography Chapter – 4 Industries Question & Answer What is known as industries?, What is an industry and examples?, Why is it called an industry?, What is industry introduction?, Why are industries important?, What is industries ?, What is India’s industries?
NCERT Solutions Class 8th Geography Chapter – 4 Industries
Chapter – 4
Industries
Question & Answer
1. Answer the following questions.
Question (i). What is meant by the term ‘industry’?
Answer – The industry refers to economic activity that is concerned with the production of goods, extraction of minerals or the provision of services.
Question (ii). Which are the main factors which influence the location of an industry?
Answer – Main factors which influence the location of an industry.
Availability of raw materialsTransport and communicationLandPowerWaterCapitalLabourMarket
Question (iii). Which industry is often referred to as the backbone of the modern industry and why? Answer – The iron and steel industry is often referred to as the backbone of the modern industry because almost everything we use is either made of iron or steel or has been made with tools and machinery of these metals.
Question 2. Distinguish between the following. (i) Agro-based and mineral-based industry? Answer – Distinction between Agro-based and Mineral-based Industry
Agro-hasted Industries
Mineral-based Industries
1. The industries which obtain raw materials from agriculture are called agro-based industries. 2. These industries provide employment in rural areas. 3. Agro-based industries are mostly in private or co-operative sectors. 4. Examples: Jute, sugar, cotton textile, vegetable oil, and plantation.
1. Industries based on minerals for their raw materials are termed mineral-based industries. 2. They provide employment both to rural and urban labour. 3. These industries are generally located in the public sector due to the huge investments involved. 4. Examples: Iron and steel industry, machine tools industry.
(ii) Public sector and joint sector industry? Answer – Distinction between Public Sector and Joint Sector Industry
Public Sector Industry
Joint Sector Industry
1. The industry which is owned and controlled by State Govt, or the Central Govt, is called Public Sector Industry.
2. Examples: Indian Railways, Steel plants at Durgapur, Bhilai, HMT, Heavy Electrical, etc.
1. The industry which is owned and controlled by government and individuals are called joint sector industries.
2. Examples: Cement industries, paper industries, information technology, MUL (Maruti Udyog Limited).
Question 3. Give two examples of the following in the space provided.
Raw Materials: ——— and ———.
End product: ——— and ——— .
Tertiary Activities: ——— and ——— .
Agro-based Industries: ——— and ——— .
Cottage Industries: ——— and ——— .
Co-operatives: ——— and ——— .
Answer – 1. Iron ore and limestone. 2. Iron and steel. 3. Transport and banking. 4. Sugar and vegetable oil. 5. making and weaving. 6. Sugar and Amul milk union.
Question 4. Activity How to identify a location for establishing an industry— Divide your class into groups. Each group is a Board of Directors faced with the problem of choosing a suitable site for an iron and steel plant of Developer Dweep. A team of technical experts has submitted a report with notes and a map. The team considered access to iron ore, coal, water, and limestone, as well as the main market, sources of labour, and port facilities. The team has suggested two sites, X and Y. The Board of Directors has to take the final decision of where to locate the steel plant.
Read the report submitted by the team.
Study the map to find out the distances of the resources from each site.
Give each resource a ‘weight’ from 1 to 10, according to its importance. The greater the ‘pull’ of the factor on the industry the higher the weight from 1 to 10.
Complete the table below.
The site with the lowest total should be the most satisfactory site.
Remember each group of directors can decide differently.
Factors/resources affecting the location of a proposed iron and steel plant on Developen Dweep.
Resource
Distance from X
Distance from Y
Weighting 1-10
Distance V weight for site X
Distance x weight for site Y
Iron ore
8
3
1
8
3
Coal
12
17
1
12
17
Limestone
11
6
2
22
12
Water
1
1
2
2
2
Chief market
20
25
5
100
125
Labour supply
8
13
3
24
39
Total =
168
198
The smaller the pull, the higher the weighting. Answer – Site X is more suitable.
NCERT Solution Class 8th Geography All Chapters Question Answer
Question (iii). Which industry is often referred to as the backbone of the modern industry and why?