NCERT Solutions Class 8th Geography Chapter – 3 Agriculture in which we What are 4 types of agriculture, What agriculture stands for, What is agriculture and how many types, How is the agriculture in India, What are the 2 main types of agriculture, What are 3 types of crops, Who is father of agriculture, Why India is called agriculture, What is the short name of agriculture ,Why is agriculture important, reading about etc.
NCERT Solutions Class 8th Geography Chapter – 3 Agriculture
Chapter – 3
Agriculture
Notes
FARM SYSTEM – Agriculture or farming can be looked at as a system. The important inputs are seeds, fertilisers, machinery and labour. Some of the operations involved are ploughing, sowing, irrigation, weeding and harvesting. The outputs from the system include crops, wool, dairy and poultry products.
TYPES OF FARMING – Farming is practised in various ways across the world. Depending upon the geographical conditions, demand of produce, labour and level of technology, farming can be classified into two main types. These are subsistence farming and commercial farming.
AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT – Agricultural Development refers to made to increase farm production in order to meet the growing demand of increasing population. This can be achieved in many ways such as increasing the cropped area, the number of crops grown, improving irrigation facilities, use of fertilisers and high yielding variety of seeds. Mechanisation of agriculture is also another aspect of agricultural development. The ultimate aim of agricultural development is to increase food security.
There are mainly two types of farming techniques
Subsistence Farming
Commercial Farming
Primary Activities – Activities which involve direct extraction and production of natural resources are called primary activities: For example agricultural farming, sericulture, pisciculture, etc.
Secondary Activities – Activities which are concerned with the processing of natural resources are called secondary activities.
Tertiary Activities – Activities which fall neither in the primary category nor the secondary category are called tertiary activities. They do not use natural resources directly.
Agriculture – Agriculture is the primary activity that involves cultivation of crops, fruits, vegetables, flowers and rearing of livestock.
Subsistence Farming – Subsistence farming is the form of agriculture practised solely to meet the
needs of the farmer’s family – The practices involved are usually old- fashioned.
Intensive Subsistence Agriculture – In intensive, subsistence agriculture, simple tools and huge labour are used by a farmer to cultivate a small plot of land.
Shifting Cultivation – Shifting cultivation is the form of agriculture in which a plot of land is cleared by felling the trees and burning them. The ashes are then mixed with soil and crops are grown. After some time, the land is abandoned and the farmers move to a different place.
Nomadic Herding – Nomadic herding refers to the practice in which herdsmen move from place to place with their animals for fodder and water.
Commercial Farming – Commercial farming is the practice in which crops are grown exclusively for commercial purpose, i.e. for sale in the market.
Commercial Grain Farming – It is a class of commercial farming in which crops like wheat and maize are grown for commercial purpose.
Mixed Farming – It is a type of commercial farming in which land is used for growing food and fodder crops and rearing livestock.
Plantation – These are a type of commercial farming where only a single crop (like tea, coffee, sugarcane, cashew, rubber, banana or cotton) is grown.
Food Crops – Crops like rice, wheat, maize, millets are called food crops.
Fiber Crops – Crops like jute and cotton are called fibre crops. Their usage is not as food.
Beverage Crops – Tea and coffee are called beverage crops.
Agricultural Development – Agricultural development refers to the effort to increase farm production so as to meet the growing demand of the increasing population.
Mechanization – This refers to the process of using machines more than human labor.
NCERT Solution Class 8th Geography All Chapters Notes
