NCERT Solutions Class 8th Science Chapter – 3 Coal and Petroleum
| Textbook | NCERT |
| Class | 8th |
| Subject | Science |
| Chapter | 3rd |
| Chapter Name | Coal and Petroleum |
| Category | Class 8th Science |
| Medium | English |
| Source | Last Doubt |
NCERT Solutions Class 8th Science Chapter – 3 Coal and Petroleum
Chapter – 3
Coal and Petroleum
Notes
| Natural Resources – The resources, that are obtained from nature are called natural resources, for example, air, water, soil and minerals. |
| Inexhaustible Natural Resources – The resources, that are present in unlimited quantity in nature, and cannot be exhausted by human activities, for example, air, sunlight etc. |
| Exhaustible Natural Resources – The resources, that are present in limited quantity in nature, and can be exhausted by human activities, for example, coal, petroleum, minerals, forests etc. |
| Fossil – The remains of the part of plants or animals transformed over time, is called fossil. Some exhaustible natural resources from the dead remains of living organisms are known as fossil fuels, for example, coal, petroleum and natural gas. Coal is a fossil fuel, that was formed by the decay of vegetation, which existed millions of years ago. It is a non-crystalline form of carbon. |
Various constituents of petroleum and their uses are as follows
Petroleum Refining – The process of separating the different constituents/fractions of petroleum is known as petroleum refining. Natural Gas is a very important fossil fuel, that is stored under high pressure and is easy to transport through pipes and referred to as CNG (compressed natural gas). It is a non-polluting fuel. It helps in the manufacture of a number of chemicals and fertilizers. |
| Coal – Coal is a fossil fuel, formed by the decay of vegetation which existed millions of years ago. |
| Coal Gas – Coal gas is obtained as a by-product during the processing of coal to form coke, and is used as a fuel. |
| Coal Tar – It is a black thick liquid with an unpleasant smell obtained by the processing of coal. |
| Coke – It is tough, porous and black substance obtained by the processing of coal. |
| Fossil Fuel – Dead remains of living organisms and buried over millions of years, like coal, petroleum and natural gas are fossil fuels. |
| Natural Gas – Natural Gas is a very important fossil fuel. It is a cleaner fuel. |
| Petroleum – It is a dark oily liquid with an unpleasant odour. It is a source of petrol and diesel. |
| Petroleum Refinery – Petroleum refinery is a place where the process of separating the various constituents of petroleum is carried out. |
| Peat – Peat is a dark fibrous fuel composed of partly decomposed plant matter. It is the first stage in the formation of coal. |
| Extraction of Oils – Extraction of oil is the process by which usable oil is extracted from the earth’s surface location. |
| Primary Production of Oil – The natural flow of oil is called the primary production of the oil. It can persist for days or years |
| Oil Wells and Reservoirs • An oil well is used to bring the oil or other hydrocarbons to the surface. It is a long hole created into the earth. • An oil reservoir is an underground lake of oil composed of hydrocarbons. |
| Ammonia Liquor – Ammonia liquor or ammonium hydroxide is one of the by-products formed during the destructive distillation of coal. It is used to make fertilizers. |
| Energy Stored in Fossil Fuels – Energy stored in fossil fuels are derived from decayed animals and plants that have existed for millions of years. |
| Energy Utilisation from Fossil Fuels • 40% of energy is used by the industries • 24% of energy is used by the Transportation sector • 6% of energy is used by farms • 30% of energy is used for domestic and other purposes. |
You Can Join Our Social Account
| Youtube | Click here |
| Click here | |
| Click here | |
| Click here | |
| Click here | |
| Telegram | Click here |
| Website | Click here |