NCERT Solutions Class 12th Economics(India Economic Development) Chapter – 4 Poverty
| Textbook | NCERT |
| class | Class – 12th |
| Subject | Economics (India Economic Development) |
| Chapter | Chapter – 4 |
| Chapter Name | poverty |
| Category | Class 12th Economics Notes |
| Medium | English |
| Source | Last Doubt |
NCERT Solutions Class 12th Economics (India Economic Development)Chapter – 4 Poverty
?Chapter – 4?
✍poverty✍
? Notes ?
Poverty – Poverty is the condition in which a person is unable to fulfill the minimum requirement of life.
types of poverty
- a) relative poverty
- b) absolute poverty
a) Relative poverty – It refers to the poverty of the people in comparison to other individuals, regions or nations.
b) Absolute poverty – It refers to the inability to meet the minimum subsistence requirements or the total number of persons living below the poverty line.
category of poverty
Chronically poor – Persons who are always poor.
Short-term poor – Those people who sometimes live below the poverty line.
Non-poor – they are never poor.
determination of poverty line
Minimum Calorie – People consuming 2100 calories per day in urban areas and 2400 calories in rural areas are considered above poverty line.
Monetary Value of Minimum Calorie – According to this, in urban area ₹ 1000 and in rural area ₹ 816 per person per month is above poverty line.
reason of poverty
- Rapid increase in population.
- Low level of national product.
- increase in price.
- Unemployment.
- low rate of development.
- lack of capital.
- Rural indebtedness
- exploitation under British rule
- less education
- inflationary pressure
- High level of migration from rural areas
- Failure to implement land reforms.
Measures and Policies for Poverty Alleviation – Some of the major measures adopted by the government to remove poverty are given below:
- Samarjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY)
- Sampoorna Gramin Rozgar Yojana (SGRY)
- Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana (PGY)
- Jai Prakash Employment Guarantee Scheme (JPRGY)
- Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY)
- Prime Minister’s Employment Scheme
- Development of small and cottage industries
- Minimum Needs Program
- twenty point program
- Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee
Grain for work’ program
The National Food for Work Program popularly known as Food for Work was launched in 2004.
Its objective is to provide food security through wage employment in drought affected rural areas of eight states namely Gujarat, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan and Uttarakhand.
Food grains are provided by the central government to these eight states. The wages may be partially paid by the State Government in the form of cash and food grains.