NCERT Solutions Class 10th Social Science Geography Chapter – 1 Resource and Development Notes

NCERT Solutions Class 10th Social Science Geography Chapter – 1 Resource and Development

TextbookNCERT
Class 10th
Subject Social Science (Geography)
Chapter1st
Chapter NameResource and Development
CategoryClass 10th Social Science (Geography)
Medium English
SourceLast Doubt
NCERT Solutions Class 10th Social Science Geography Chapter – 1 Resource and Development Notes In this Chapter we will read about Resources, Classification of Resources, Development of resources, Sustainable Nutritional Development, At the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit, 1992, Agenda 21, Resource planning, Resource planning in India, Conservation of resources, Land Resources, Key points of resource planning in India, Land resources in India and Land degradation and much more.

NCERT Solutions Class 10th Social Science Geography Chapter – 1 Resource and Development

Chapter – 1

Resource and Development

Notes

Resources – Everything in our environment or around us that is useful to us in some way. We use all these resources to meet our needs. Also, the most important thing in this is considered to be the amount of matter that surrounds us. They will be called resources only when they are useful to us humans in some way or the other. We also have the technology and technological means to maintain the resource at the core and this has to be culturally valid as well.
Classification of Resources –

(a) On the basis of origin – Biotic and Abiotic.
(b) On the basis of exhaustibility – Renewable and Non-renewable.
(c) On the basis of ownership – Individual (Personal), Community, National and International.
(d) On the basis of status and development – Potential, Developed, Reserve and Stock.
Classification of resources on the basis of origin –

(i) Biotic resources – All the resources that we get from the biosphere, nature or the environment. Of course, there is life. All living things are called biological resources. For example, humans, animals, etc.

(ii) Abiotic resource – All those resources which are made up of non-living things, that is, which do not contain life, are called non-living. If a resource is created from such things. So they are called abiotic resources. For example, metals and metals.
Classification of resources on the basis of availability –

(i) Renewable resources – Resources that can be made useful again by various physical, chemical or mechanical processes, or all those resources which can be re-established or re-used after being used once. They are called renewable resources. forest, water, etc.

(ii) Non-renewable resources – Resources that cannot be reused once they have been created and developed in a long geoscientific interval, that is, a resource that is produced in our earth over a long period of time and once exhausted will require a long time to be created again are called non-renewable resources. such as minerals etc.
Classification of resources on the basis of ownership –

(i) Personal resources – Such resources are called personal resources which are owned by private individuals. Example – a farmer’s land, house, etc.

(ii) Community Resources – The resources which are used by all the people of the community are called community resources for example ponds, parks, crematoria, graveyards, etcetera.

(iii) National Resources – Any type of resource that exists within the geographical boundaries of the nation, or the country has the right to that resource. National resources are called for example, government land, roads, canals, railways, etc.

(iv) International Resources – Resources which are controlled by international institutions are called international resources. Consider, for example, the ocean. A country’s territorial waters extend up to 200 km from its coastline. The sea area beyond 200 km comes under the category of international resource.
Classification of resources on the basis of level of development –

(i) Potential resources – In any country or region there are some resources which are not being used at present. These are called potential resources. Examples: Solar energy and wind energy available in Gujarat and Rajasthan.

(ii) Developed Resources – Such resources for which effective techniques are available and surveys, quality and quantity have been determined for their use are called developed resources.

(iii) Stored resources – Such resources which are available in abundance but due to right technology they are not being used, they are called reserve resources. For example, hydrogen is available in the atmosphere, which can be a good source of energy, but due to lack of proper technology, they are not being used.

(iv) Reserves – It is part of the resource pool which can be harnessed with the help of available technical knowledge, but their utilisation has not yet started. They can be used for future needs. Water from rivers can be used to generate electricity, but at present it is being used only on a limited scale. Thus, there are accumulated funds of water, forest etc. in the dams which can be used in future.
Development of resources – Just as resources are essential for human survival, they are equally important for maintaining the quality of life. It was believed that resources are nature’s gift. As a result, humans have used them indiscriminately, leading to the following main problems.
Sustainable Nutritional Development – Sustainable economic development means development that does not harm the environment and that the current development process does not neglect the needs of future generations.
At the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit, 1992 – June, 1992, more than 100 heads of state gathered at the first International Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The conference was organized to find solutions to the emerging environmental protection and socio-economic development problems globally. The leaders signed a Declaration on Global Climate Change and Biological Diversity. The Rio Conference agreed on the Global Forest Principles and approved Agenda 21 for Sustainable Development in the 21st Century.
Agenda 21 – It is a declaration of Agenda 21 which was adopted by the Heads of State in 1992 under the auspices of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Its objective is to achieve global sustainable development. It is a work list that aims to tackle environmental damage, poverty and diseases through global cooperation in accordance with common interests, mutual needs and shared responsibilities. The main objective of Agenda 21 is that every local body should prepare its own local Agenda 21.
Resource planning – Resource planning involves judicious use of resources. In a country like India where there is no proper distribution of resources. Resource planning becomes even more important. For example, many states have abundant reserves of minerals but lack other resources. Jharkhand has more minerals but there is an acute shortage of drinking water and other facilities. Arunachal Pradesh has abundant water but development has not taken place there due to lack of resources.
Resource planning in India – The judicious use of resources can be ensured by taking care of technology, skills and institutional considerations while creating people. Resource planning has been a major goal in India since the first five year plan. Following are the main points of resource planning in India.
Conservation of resources – Resource conservation means using resources carefully and giving them time to regenerate. This needs to be done because resources are limited and exhaustive. Resources are unevenly distributed on Earth because the distribution depends on various physical factors such as terrain, climate, and altitude.
Land Resources – Land is an important natural resource. Natural vegetation, wildlife, human life, economic activities, transport and communication systems are based on land. Land is a limited resource so we must use it carefully and in a planned manner.
Key points of resource planning in India –

• Identify and tabulate the resources of different regions of the whole country.
• Designing a planning framework using applied skills, technology and institutional frameworks.
• To strike the right balance between resource planning and development planning.
Land resources in India –

• Land resources in India are spread over about 32,87,000 sq km.
• It extends into the Indian Ocean between the Bay of Bengal in the east and the Arabian Sea in the west.
• Indian land resources are divided into various relief facilities, 43% of the land area is plain area.
• The area of Indian hilly region is 30%, while the plateau is 27% of the total surface area of the country.
The use of land – Land is an important natural resource. The land is used for various purposes such as agriculture, forestry, mining, road construction, setting up of industries etc. This is called land use. Land use is determined by physical factors such as topography, soil, climate, minerals, availability of water, etc. Human factors such as population and technology are also important determinants of land use pattern.
Land degradation –

• Mining
• Overgrazing
• Over Irrigation
• Industrial
• Pollution
• Deforestation
Conservation of land –

• Afforestation
• Livestock grazing control
• Protective areas
• Mining control
• Industrial water treatment
Soil Resources – Soil resources are considered to be the most important and deserving natural resources as it is very important in our life This tree grows plants, and there are millions of living creatures on this earth that need this type of soil to live because these creatures are nourished along with the soil The process of soil formation is very long, it takes a long time after which the soil is formed, in which climate, vegetation, other biomass and time are considered to be the most important factors. There are many elements present in our nature and biosphere such as temperature change, process of flowing water, wind, glacier and decomposition, whatever are the main activities, the process of soil formation contributes to all these. Soil is such a resource in the formation of which both biotic and abiotic components contribute.
Soil formation – The process of soil formation is very slow. This can be gauged from the fact that just one cm of soil takes thousands of years to form. Soil is formed by the decomposition of rocks. Many natural factors play an important role in the formation of soil. Such as temperature, water flow, wind. Many physical and chemical changes also contribute to this process.
Types of Soil – There are 6 types of soil.

• Alluvial soil
• Black soil
• Red and yellow soil
• Laterite soil
• Desert soil
• Forest soil
Alluvial soil –

• About 45% of India’s area is found on alluvial soil.
• Potassium is abundant in this soil.
• Developed by the Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra river systems.
• Sand, silt and clay are found in different proportions.
• On the basis of age, old Jalore (Bangar) and new Jalore (Khadar) are very fertile and useful for crops like sugarcane, rice, wheat etc.
The black soil –

• Colour black and other names regar soil.
• Presence of titaniferous magnetite and fossils.
• Formation due to break-up of basalt rocks.
• Iron, zinc, magnesium and manganese.
• Best suited for cotton cultivation.
• It is found in Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
Red and Yellow Soil –

• Due to the excess of iron particles, the color is red and sometimes yellow.
• Soil of acidic nature.
• The use of lime can increase fertility.
• It is found in Orissa, Chhattisgarh, the central Gangetic plains and the Garo, Khasi and Jaintia hills.
Laterite Soil –

• Developed in areas with high temperatures and high rainfall.
• Result of excessive leaching from heavy rainfall • Suitable for tea and cashew.
• Suitable for hilly areas of Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and Assam.
Desert soil –

• Red and blue colors.
• Salty and flaky.
• High evaporation rate due to dry climate and high temperature.
• Reduced humidity and humidity.
• Can be made fertile by proper irrigation management.
Forest soil –

• Found in mountainous areas.
• Changes according to the mountain environment in the formation.
• Soil in river valleys is loamy and silty.
• Non-toxic and non-toxic.
Deccan Trap – Deccan trap is called a very special kind of shape i.e. structure. It is formed with basalt rocks. It was developed from ‘Cretaceous’ to ‘Eocene’ era. Black soil is formed due to these rocks only. This type of soil you will find mostly in Maharashtra and Gujarat, this soil is very fertile, especially in this soil cotton is cultivated in large quantities because black soil is considered very good for cotton cultivation.
KhadarBangar
The new soil.The ancient soil.
Thinner and thicker.Copper and calcium carbonate.
Repeated renewal is possible.It is not renewed repeatedly.
It is found in delta and flood plains near rivers.It is found at high altitudes away from the river.
Soil erosion – The reaction of soil erosion and its runoff is called soil erosion.
Soil erosion –

• Deforestation.
• Excessive grazing.
• Construction and mining process.
• Natural elements such as subsidence, glaciers and water.
• Wrong methods of agriculture (tillage methods).
• Blowing away of soil in a plain or sloping area by wind.
Solutions to soil erosion –

• By running parallel solutions of contour lines on sloping ground.
• Cultivation by making steps on sloping land.
• Divide the large fields into strips and grow a strip of grass between the crops.
• Afforestation is the continuous planting of trees in a row around a field.
• By controlling overgrazing.
Undercurrents – Avalanche means a place where water is flowing but due to the lack of vegetation i.e. lack of trees and plants, when water starts to erode the soil there, then we know it as Avalanche. Such soil erosion is very deep and very harmful to the environment.
Uploaded land – Let me tell you all that all the Maha Khandas that are formed by the Chambal river in the mountain of Bundelkhand, we know all those Maha Khandas by the name of Utkhat land.
The ravine land – As you all know that Chambal is very famous for its shaped landform and that is why we also know it as Chambal Khand It is formed by the confluence of two streams of Gandak river, namely Kali Gandak and Trishul Ganga.
Wind erosion – The wind means wind. Many times you must have seen that soil, sand etc. are also transported from one place to another through the air If in this way there is wastage of soil and sand whose main cause is wind or wind then we call it wind erosion.

Question 1. What do you think of the resource?

All those kinds of things present in our environment which are used in our daily life are called resources. For example use chair, table, pen, water, air, book, mobile etc.

Question 2. What are the types of resources?

The resource is divided into four parts –
(i) Based on Origin
(ii) Based on Accessibility
(iii) Based on Ownership
(iv) Based on Level of Development

Question 3. In how many ways are resources classified on the basis of origin?

The classification of resources on the basis of origin has been done in two ways –
(i) Biological resources
(ii) Inorganic resources

Question 4. What do you understand by bio-resources?

All the resources that we get from the biosphere or nature are called bioresources. For example, humans, animals, plants, fish, etc.

Question 5. What do you understand by inorganic resources?

All the resources that we get from non-living matter are called non-living resources.

Question 6. How many types of resources are classified on the basis of accessibility?

Resources are classified on the basis of availability into two types –
(i) Renewable Resources
(ii) Non-renewable Resources

Question 7. What is known as renewable resources?

All those resources which can be re-created are called renewable resources. such as forest, water, etc.

Question 8. What is called non-renewable resources?

All those resources which cannot be reused once they are used are called non-renewable resources.

Question 9. How many types of resources are classified on the basis of ownership?

Proprietary resources are divided into four parts –
(i) Personal Resources
(ii) Community Resources
(iii) National Resources
(iv) International Resources

Question 10. What is meant by personal resources?

All the resources which are owned by an individual are called as personal resources.
NCERT Solution Class 10th Geography All Chapters Notes
Chapter – 1 Resources and Development 
Chapter – 2 Forest and Wildlife Resources 
Chapter – 3 Water Resources 
Chapter – 4 Agriculture 
Chapter – 5 Minerals and Energy Resources 
Chapter – 6 Manufacturing Industries 
Chapter – 7 Lifelines of National Economy 
NCERT Solution Class 10th Geography All Chapters Question & Answer
Chapter – 1 Resources and Development 
Chapter – 2 Forest and Wildlife Resources 
Chapter – 3 Water Resources 
Chapter – 4 Agriculture 
Chapter – 5 Minerals and Energy Resources 
Chapter – 6 Manufacturing Industries 
Chapter – 7 Lifelines of National Economy 
NCERT Solution Class 10th Geography All Chapters MCQ
Chapter – 1 Resources and Development 
Chapter – 2 Forest and Wildlife Resources 
Chapter – 3 Water Resources 
Chapter – 4 Agriculture 
Chapter – 5 Minerals and Energy Resources 
Chapter – 6 Manufacturing Industries 
Chapter – 7 Lifelines of National Economy 

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