NCERT Solutions Class 10th Science Chapter – 13 Our Environment Notes

NCERT Solutions Class 10th Science Chapter – 13 Our Environment

TextbookNCERT
Class 10th
Subject Science
Chapter13th
Chapter NameOur Environment
CategoryClass 10th Science
Medium English
SourceLast Doubt
NCERT Solutions Class 10th Science Chapter – 13 Our Environment Notes What are the 3 types of environment, What is meant by ecosystem discuss Our Environment, Type of ecosystem, Components of an ecosystem, On the basis of nutrition biotic components are further divided into two types, Consumers are further divided into Four types, Flow of energy between trophic levels, Environmental problems, Natural ecosystem, Artifical ecosystem, Biotic Components, Producers Notes.

NCERT Solutions Class 10th Science Chapter – 13 Our Environment

Chapter – 13

Our Environment

Notes

Ecosystem – All the interacting organisms in an area together with the non-living constituents of the environment form an ecosystem.
Example – forest, pond etc.
Type of ecosystem

(a) Natural ecosystem
(b) Artifical ecosystem
(a) Natural ecosystem – The ecosystem which exist in nature on its own. Example, forest, lake, ocean.
(b) Artifical ecosystem – Man-made ecosystems are called artificial ecosystem. Example, crop field, aquarium, garden.
Components of an ecosystem

• Abiotic Components (Air, Water, Land)
• Biotic Components (Plant, Animal)

Biotic Components

1. Producer
2. Consumer
3. Decomposers

Consumer

1. Herbivore
2. Carnivore
3. Omnivore
4. Parasites
(a) Abiotic Components – All the non-living components such as air, water, land, light, temperature etc. form the abiotic components.
(b) Biotic Components – All the living components such as plants, animals, bacteria, fungi etc. form the biotic components.
On the basis of nutrition biotic components are further divided into two types –

(i) Producers
(ii) Consumers
Producers – All green plants and blue-green algae can produce their own food using abiotic components (photosynthesis), hence called producers.
Consumers – Include all animals which depend on producers directly or indirectly for their food. 
Consumers are further divided into Four types –

(i) Herbivores
(ii) Carnivores
(iii) Omnivores
(iv) Parasites
(i) Herbivores – Plant eaters
Example – goat, deer.
(ii) Carnivores – Flash eaters
Example – tiger, crocodile.
(iii) Omnivores – Eats both plants and animals
Example – human.
(iv) Parasites – Live on the body of host and take food from it,
Example – lice, cascuta.
Decomposers – Include organisms which decompose the dead plants and animals Example: bacteria, fungi. These help in the replenishment of natural resources.
Food Chain

• Food chain is a series of organisms in which one organism eats another organism as food. Example, Grass → Deer → Lion

• In a food chain various steps where transfer of energy takes place is called a trophic level.
Flow of energy between trophic levels

• Flow of energy in a food chain is unidirectional
• Green plants capture 1% of sunlight and convert it into food energy.
• 10 percent law : Only 10% of energy is transferred to the next trophic level. The remaining 90% energy is lost as heat to the environment. Some amount goes into digestion and in doing work and the rest goes towards growth and reproduction.
• An average of 10% of the food eaten is turned into its own body and made available for the next level of consumers.
• Due to this gradual decrease in energy, food chains contain 3-4 trophic levels.
NCERT Solutions Class 10th Science Chapter - 15 Our Environment Notes

↑ 1 kJ
↑ 10 kJ
↑ 100 kJ
↑ 1000 kJ
Decrease in energy

Biological magnification – The concentration of harmful chemicals increases with every next trophic level in a food chain. This is called biological magnification.
Maximum concentration of such chemicals get accumulated in human bodies as human occupy the top level in any food chain.
Food web – In nature large numbers of food chains are interconnected forming a food web.
NCERT Solutions Class 10th Science Chapter - 15 Our Environment Notes
Environmental problems – Changes in the environment affect us and our activities change the environment around us. Human activities leads to pollution, deforestation etc.
Ozone layer

• Ozone layer is a protective blanket around the earth which absorbs most of the harmful UV (ultraviolet) radiations of the sunlight, thus protecting living beings from many health hazards such as skin cancer, cataract, destruction of plants etc.

• Ozone (03) layer is present at higher levels of atmosphere (ie., stratosphere). It is a deadly poison at ground level.
Formation of ozone molecule

(i) The high energy UV radiations break down the O2 molecules into free oxygen (O) atoms. 
O/UV → O + O (atoms)

(ii) These oxygen atoms then combine with oxygen (O2) molecule to form the ozone molecule. 
O2 + O → O3
Depletion of ozone layer

• The decrease in the thickness of ozone layer over Antarctica was first observed in 1985 and was termed as ozone hole.
• This decrease was linked to excessive use of synthetic chemicals like chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) which are used in refrigerators, ACs, fire-extinguishers, aerosols sprays etc.
• United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) succeeded in forging an agreement to stop CFC production at 1986 levels (KYOTO PROTOCOL) by all countries.
Garbage disposal

Improvements in lifestyle have resulted in accumulation of large amounts of waste materials.

Garbage contains following type of materials:

(a) Biodegradable – Substances which can be decomposed by the action of micro-organisms are called biodegradable wastes. Example., fruit and vegetable peels, cotton, jute, dung, paper, etc.

(b) Non-biodegradable wastes – Substances which cannot be decomposed by the action of micro-organisms are called non-biodegradable wastes. Example, plastic, polythenes, metals, synthetic fibres, radioactive wastes, pesticides etc.

Micro-organisms release enzymes which decompose the materials but these enzymes are specific in their action that’s why enzymes cannot decompose all the materials.
Some methods of waste disposal

Biogas plant – Biodegradable waste can be used in biogas plant to produce biogas and manure.

Sewage treatment plant – The drain water can be cleaned in sewage treatment plant before adding it to rivers.

Land fillings – The wastes are buried in low lying areas and are compacted by rolling with bulldozers.

Composting – Organic wastes are filled in a compost pit and covered with a layer of soil, after about three months garbage changes to manure.

Recycling – Non-biodegradable wastes are recycled to make new items.

Reuse – It is a conventional technique to use an item again e.g., newspaper for making envelops.

Incineration – It is a waste treatment process that are described as themal treatment, it converts the waste into ash mainly it is used to transforms medical wastes.
NCERT Solution Class 10th Science All Chapters Notes
Chapter 1 – Chemical Reactions and Equations
Chapter 2 – Acids, Bases, and Salts
Chapter 3 – Metals and Non-Metals
Chapter 4 – Carbon and Its Compounds
Chapter 5 – Life Processes
Chapter 6 – Control and Coordination
Chapter 7 – How Do Organisms Reproduce
Chapter 8 – Heredity
Chapter 9 – Light reflection and refraction
Chapter 10 – Human eye and colorful world
Chapter 11 – Electricity
Chapter 12 – Magnetic effect of electric current
Chapter 13 – Our Environment
NCERT Solution Class 10th Science All Chapters Question & Answer
Chapter 1 – Chemical Reactions and Equations
Chapter 2 – Acids, Bases, and Salts
Chapter 3 – Metals and Non-Metals
Chapter 4 – Carbon and Its Compounds
Chapter 5 – Life Processes
Chapter 6 – Control and Coordination
Chapter 7 – How Do Organisms Reproduce
Chapter 8 – Heredity and Evolution
Chapter 9 – Light reflection and refraction
Chapter 10 – Human eye and colorful world
Chapter 11 – Electricity
Chapter 12 – Magnetic effect of electric current
Chapter 13 – Our Environment
NCERT Solution Class 10th Science All Chapters MCQ
Chapter 1 – Chemical Reactions and Equations
Chapter 2 – Acids, Bases, and Salts
Chapter 3 – Metals and Non-Metals
Chapter 4 – Carbon and Its Compounds
Chapter 5 – Life Processes
Chapter 6 – Control and Coordination
Chapter 7 – How Do Organisms Reproduce
Chapter 8 – Heredity
Chapter 9 – Light reflection and refraction
Chapter 10 – Human eye and colorful world
Chapter 11 – Electricity
Chapter 12 – Magnetic effect of electric current
Chapter 13 – Our Environment

You Can Join Our Social Account

YoutubeClick here
FacebookClick here
InstagramClick here
TwitterClick here
LinkedinClick here
TelegramClick here
WebsiteClick here