NCERT Solutions Class 6th Science Chapter – 2 Components of Food
| Textbook | NCERT |
| Class | 6th |
| Subject | Science |
| Chapter | 2nd |
| Chapter Name | Components of Food |
| Category | Class 6th Science |
| Medium | English |
| Source | Last Doubt |
| NCERT Solutions Class 6th Science Chapter – 2 Components of Food Notes In this Chapter We Will read about Food, Nutrition, Diet, Carbohydrates, Energy requirement, Vitamins, Minerals, Components Of Food and Deficiency of Water in the Body etc. and More much. you have provided easy notes which use in your study make progress in education. |
NCERT Solutions Class 6th Science Chapter – 2 Components of Food
Chapter – 2
Components of Food
Notes
| Food – It is the group of edible substances which provide energy to the living beings and repair the old tissues and build the new tissues. |
| Nutrition – The process of consuming nutrients required for the growth and development of our body and to obtain energy is known as nutrition. • Our food contains three main substances called nutrients. • These are fats, proteins and carbohydrates. In addition, our body requires water, salts (minerals), vitamins and fibres. |
| Diet – It is the amount of food eaten by a person at a time. |
| Balanced diet – A diet containing all the nutrients and other components in proper proportions is called a balanced diet. |
| A balanced diet must include food items from the following four food groups 1. Milk group – includes milk and milk products 2. Meat group – includes meat (chicken, fish, lamb, etc.) and meat substitutes (beans, peas, nuts, and seeds) 3. Fruit and vegetable group – includes fruits and vegetables 4. Grain group – includes bread and cereals. |
| Malnutrition – If a person does not get adequate food, or if his/her diet does not contain all the nutrients, he or she becomes weak. When the body does not get adequate nutrition, it is said to be suffering from malnutrition. |
| Various food components are grouped into three classes • Energy giving food – Carbohydrates and fats. • Bodybuilding food – Proteins. • Protective food – Vitamins and minerals. |
| Carbohydrates – Grains such as rice, wheat, sorghum, peas, beans, sago (Sabudana), sugarcane, sugar beet, many fruits like banana, mango and melons and vegetables are good sources of carbohydrates. • Cellulose, starch, sucrose, glucose and fructose are the important carbohydrates found in our food. • Starch turns iodine solution to dark blue or black. |
| Fats – Fats are obtained either from plants or from animals. Groundnut oil, soybean oil and mustard oil are examples of fats derived from plants. Fats like butter and ghee are obtained from animals. • Fats act as fuel in our body but they provide more energy than carbohydrates. In Our body has some advantages of fat deposits in small quantities. • It helps body organs to grow and protects them from injury and prevents loss of heat from the body’s surface. • Too much fat deposition is harmful to the body. This leads to a condition called obesity. Fatty substances leave a greasy and transparent spot on the paper. |
| Proteins – Milk, fish, meat, cheese and eggs are the main sources of animal proteins. Vegetable proteins can be obtained from legumes including pulses and beans. • Proteins are required for the growth and repair of our body. They help in building new tissues. • They also account for the tough, fibrous nature of hair and nails and for the structure of muscles. • They are a part of our blood and help in the proper functioning of our bodies. • A large amount of protein is needed for building new tissues in short periods, such as during infancy, pregnancy or when the mother is nourishing a child. |
| Vitamins – are required by our body in very small quantities. Vitamins help in keeping our eyes, bones, teeth and gums healthy. The food items rich in vitamins are called protective food as they protect our bodies from diseases and keep us healthy. |
| Minerals – are needed by our body in small amounts. Each one is essential for the proper growth of the body and to maintain good health. |
| Water – helps our body to perform many functions like digestion. • Our body requires a large quantity (5-7 litres) of water daily. • throwing out dissolved waste as urine and impure blood. • Water also keeps our bodies cool through sweating. Water helps in blood circulation. |
| Dietary fibre – Dietary fibre is an essential component of a healthy diet. • It could be easily traced in cereals, certain fruits and also vegetables. • It is a kind of carbohydrate that has indigestible parts or plant compounds which pass relatively unchanged through the stomach and also the intestines. |
| Roughage – Whole grains, flour and cereals, potatoes, fresh food, and raw and cooked vegetables provide roughage to our food. • It helps in the proper digestion of food and prevents constipation. • Food items that are deep-fried and roasted usually lose their nutritive value. |
| Energy requirement – The requirement of energy or intake of food depends on profession, age, sex and special needs like pregnancy, infancy, lactation, etc. |
| Deficiency diseases – Diseases that occur due to the lack of nutrients are called deficiency diseases. Some of them are listed in the following |
| Some Diseases or Disorders are Caused by a deficiency of Vitamins and Minerals |
| Name of vitamins and minerals | Deficiency disease or disorder | Main symptoms |
|---|---|---|
| Vitamin A | Night blindness | Poor or loss of vision in darkness (night), sometimes complete loss of vision. |
| Vitamin B1 | Beriberi | Weak muscles, and very little energy to work |
| Vitamin C | Scurvy | Bleeding gums |
| Vitamin D | Rickets | Bones become soft and bent |
| Calcium | Hypocalcemia | Weak bones, tooth decay |
| Iodine | Goitre | Glands in the neck appear swollen, mental disability in children |
| Iron | Anaemia | Weakness |
| Beriberi – It is a disease caused due to the deficiency of Vitamin Br The muscles of Beriberi victims get weak. |
| Roughage – Dietary fibres are called roughage. They are mainly provided by plant products in our food. |
| Scurvy – is caused due to the deficiency of vitamin C. Bleeding gums is its main symptom. |
| Starch – is a kind of carbohydrate. |
| Vitamins – Vitamins are also important nutrients. The deficiency of any vitamin causes deficiency diseases and Food is essential for all animals, including human beings. |
| The food that we eat contains different components – The food that we eat consists of different components or nutrients. Nutrients are substances that are needed by our body for proper growth and healthy body function. These nutrients fulfil different needs of the body. 1. Vitamins 2. Proteins 3. Carbohydrates 4. Fats 5. Minerals |
| Carbohydrates – provide energy to your body, which keeps it going throughout the day. There are two major types of carbohydrates in food: sugar and starch. |
| Sugars – is also called simple carbohydrates. Fruits, honey, and table sugar are some sources of sugar. |
| Starch – is also called a complex carbohydrate. Plants store energy in the form of starch. Rice, wheat, corn, potato, and bread are some sources of starch. • When we eat plant products, containing sugar and starch, our digestive system breaks them down into glucose. • This glucose, which is the simplest form of sugar is then absorbed into the blood and provides us energy. |
| Obesity – Obesity is a condition that occurs in an individual due to excess accumulation of fat due to a fat-rich diet. If a person’s body weight is at least 20% higher than it should be, he or she is considered obese. |
| Proteins – Proteins are needed by our body for muscle-building and repairing worn-out tissues. • Our muscles, organs, and even blood are made up of mostly proteins. If we do not eat proteins, our body will not be able to repair damaged cells or build new ones. • Proteins in our diet come from both animal and plant sources. Meat, fish, egg, and milk are some animal sources of proteins. Pulses, soybeans, grams, and nuts are some plant sources of proteins. |