NCERT Solution Class 6th Social Science Geography Chapter – 6 Major Landforms of the Earth
| Textbook | NCERT |
| Class | 6th |
| Subject | Social Science (Geography) |
| Chapter | 6th |
| Chapter Name | Major Landforms of the Earth |
| Category | Class 6th Social Science (Geography) |
| Medium | English |
| Source | Last Doubt |
NCERT Solution Class 6th Social Science Geography Chapter – 6 Major Landforms of the Earth Notes How soil erosion is called?, What is soil erosion also called?, What are 5 causes of erosion?, What are 4 main causes of erosion?, What is rock erosion called?, What caused erosion?, What is wind erosion called?, Is mass wasting?, Is erosion good or bad?, What are the two types of erosion called?, What are the 4 types of erosion processes?, What are the 4 types of water erosion of soil?, What are the 7 types of soil erosion?
NCERT Solution Class 6th Social Science Geography Chapter – 6 Major Landforms of the Earth Notes
Chapter – 6
Major Landforms of the Earth
Notes
| Internal Process – These landforms are a result of two processes. You will be amazed to know that the ground you are standing on is slowly moving. Within the earth, a continuous movement is taking place. The first, or the internal process leads to the upliftment and sinking of the earth’s surface at several places. |
| External Process – The second, or the external process is the continuous wearing down and rebuilding of the land surface. |
| Mountains – A mountain is any natural elevation of the earth surface. The mountains may have a small summit and a broad base. It is considerably higher than the surrounding area. Some mountains are even higher than the clouds. As you go higher, the climate becomes colder. |
| Glaciers – In some mountains, there are permanently frozen rivers of ice. They are called glaciers. There are some mountains you cannot see as they are under the sea. |
| Range – Mountains may be arranged in a line known as range. Many mountain systems consist of a series of parallel ranges extending over hundreds of kilometres. The Himalayas, the Alps and the Andes are mountain ranges of Asia, Europe and South America, respectively. Mountains vary in their heights and shape. |
There are three types of mountains- Fold Mountains
- Block Mountains
- Volcanic Mountains
|
| Fold Mountain – The Himalayan Mountains and the Alps are young fold mountains with rugged relief and high conical peaks. The Aravali range in India is one of the oldest fold mountain systems in the world. |
| Block Mountains – Block Mountains are created when large areas are broken and displaced vertically. The uplifted blocks are termed as horsts and the lowered blocks are called graben. The Rhine valley and the Vosges mountain in Europe are examples of such mountain systems. |
| Horst – Block Mountains are created when large areas are broken and displaced vertically. The uplifted blocks are termed as horst. |
| Graben – The uplifted blocks are termed as horsts and the lowered blocks are called graben. |
| Volcanic Mountain – Volcanic mountains are formed due to volcanic activity. Mt.Kilimanjaro in Africa and Mt.Fujiyama in Japan are examples of such mountains. |
| Storehouse – Mountains are very useful. The mountains are a storehouse of water |
| Glaciers – Many rivers have their source in the glaciers in the mountains. Reservoirs are made and the water is harnessed for the use of people. |
| River Valley – A valley is an elongated low area often running between hills or mountains, which will typically contain a river or stream running from one end to the other. Most valleys are formed by erosion of the land surface by rivers or streams over a very long period of time. |
| Terrace – A terrace consists of a flat or gently sloping geomorphic surface, called a tread, that is typically bounded on one side by a steeper ascending slope, which is called a “riser” or “scarp”. The tread and the steeper descending slope (riser or scarp) together constitute the terrace. |
| Flora and Fauna – Flora and fauna are a part of the ecosystem and they are interdependent on each other for their survival. Besides, the ecosystem becomes imbalanced if there are any adverse effects on flora and fauna, such as an extinction of a species. |
| Table Land – A plateau is an elevated flat land. It is a flat-topped table land standing above the surrounding area. |
| Plateaus – A plateau is an elevated flat land. It is a flat-topped table land standing above the surrounding area. A plateau may have one or more sides with steep slopes. The height of plateaus often varies from few hundred metres to several thousand metres. Plateaus, like mountains may be young or old. |
| Plains – Plains are large stretches of flat land. They are, generally, not more than 200 metres above mean sea level. Some plains are extremely level. Others may be slightly rolling and undulating. Most of the plains are formed by rivers and their tributaries. The rivers flow down the slopes of mountains and erode them. They carry forward the eroded material. Then they deposit their load consisting of stones, sand and silt along their courses and in their valleys. It is from these deposits that plains are formed. |
| Landforms and the people – Humans have been living on different kinds of landforms in different ways. Life is difficult in mountainous areas. Plains provide much better conditions. It is easy to grow crops, build a house or a road in a plain than a mountain. |
| Mauna Kea – Mauna Kea (Hawaii) in the Pacific Ocean is an undersea mountain. It is higher than Mount Everest being 10,205 metres high. |
| SwachhBharat Mission – Healthy mind lives in healthy body and for a healthy body clean environment particularly clean water, air and hygienic surroundings are pre-requisites. Swachh Bharat Mission, a government of India Programme aims to achieve all these for people. |
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