NCERT Solution Class 11th Biology Chapter – 5 Morphology of Flowering Notes

NCERT Solution Class 11th Biology Chapter – 5 Morphology of Flowering

NCERT Solution Class 11th Biology Chapter – 5 Morphology of Flowering

?Chapter – 5?

✍Morphology of Flowering✍

?Notes?

 The flowering plants exhibit enormous variation in the shape, size and structure, mode of nutrition, life span, habit, and habitat.

Plants are differentiated into root, stem, and leaves with flowers and fruits of various types.

The roots system absorbs water and minerals from the soil and anchors the plants.

Stems are generally negatively geotropic and aerial.

Leaves are the main photosynthetic organs of the plant. The outline of the leaf-blade margin and tip shows an enormous variation. There are structural modifications of root, stem, and leaves depending upon various functions.

The flower is a modified shoot meant for sexual reproduction.

The flowers are arranged in different types of inflorescence. After fertilization, the ovary is converted into fruits and ovules into seeds.

Seeds either may be monocotyledons or dicotyledons. On the basis of their development fruits may be of different types.

A flowering plant is described in definite sequence by using scientific terms.

Scientific description of a few selected plant families including their economic importance has been given as a sample for the study.

Root system – The root system normally lies underground and consists of the main root and its branches.

Shoot system – The shoot system is normally aerial and consists of the main stem, lateral branches, and leaves.

Taproot system – The taproot and its branches together constitute a tap root system.

Primary root – The first root is generally formed by the elongation of the radicle and is called the primary root.

Secondary roots – It continues growing and produces lateral roots called secondary roots.

Adventitious root system – Roots that develop from any part of a plant other than the radicle or its branches are called adventitious root systems.

Modifications of root – Modifications are the morphological changes in an organ to perform certain special functions other than or in addition to the normal functions.

Buds – A bud is a compacted under developed shoot having a growing point, surrounded by closely placed immature leaves.

Runners – They are sub-aerial weak, slender lateral branches, that grow horizontally along the soil surface.

Offsets – They are one internode long, stout, slender, and condensed runner found in rosette plants at the ground or water level.

Adaptation – Adjustment of an organism to its environment.

Gynomonoecious –  A plant having female and intersexual flowers e.g. sunflower.

Haustorium –  A projection that acts as a penetrating and absorbing organ.

Radicle –  Portion of the plant embryo that develops into the primary root.

Transpiration – The giving off water vapor from the surface of the leaf.