NCERT Solutions Class 11th History Chapter – 4 The Central Islamic Lands Notes

NCERT Solutions Class 11th History Chapter – 4 The Central Islamic Lands

NCERT Solutions Class 11th History Chapter – 4 The Central Islamic Lands

?Chapter – 4?

✍ The Central Islamic Lands ✍

? Notes ?

• Prior to the rise of Islam, Arabia was quite backward socially, politically, economically and religiously in the 7th century.

• Before the rise of Islam, Arabia was dominated by the Bedouins, a nomadic tribe.

• Family was the basic unit of the Arabian society. Patriarchal family system was prevalent in which the head of the family was the eldest male member.

• The position of the women in the society was very deplorable.

• Date-palm and milk were the main constituents of their food items.

• Institution of slavery was also prevalent in the society. The slaves were treated ruthlesslyand were severely punished if broke the social norms. k

• Prior to the rise of Islam, the trade was not much developed. It was because Bedouins Iwere always indulged in loot and plunder and trade routes were not safe.

• The principle of‘Might is right’ prevailed in the society prior to the rise of Islam, because there was lack of a central authority.

• Prophet Muhammad is regarded as one of the greatest personalities in the world history. He was born at Mecca in 570.

• Reciting Raima, Namaz, Rauja, Zakat and Hajj are five pillars of Islam.

• Islam laid special stress on the principle of equality and believed that all men are the descendants of Allah.

• Islam strongly opposed idol worship.

• The successors of Prophet Muhammad were called Khalifas (Caliphs).

• The main duties of the Khalifas were to safeguard and spread Islam.

• The Umayyad dynasty was founded by Muawiya in 661. The rule of this dynasty continued till 750.

• The Abbasids came to power in 750. The foundation of Abbasids dynasty was laid down by Abu-ol-Abbas in 750.

• 9th century witnessed the downfall of the Abbasid empire. Taking the advantage of this, several sultanates emerged.

• The economic condition of Islamic world, during the medieval period was very prosperous.

• During medieval period, a new sect arose among the people having faith in Islamic doctrines, known as sufi sect.

• The Sufis were liberal in their thought and they dedicated their lives for the service of humanity and propagation of Islam.

• Ibn Sina was a great philosopher and a medical practitioner from Arabia. He was also known as Avicenna in Europe.

Important terms:

• Bedouins: The nomadic tribe of Arabia.

• Umma: The society founded by Prophet Muhammad.

• Hizrat: The event of Prophet Muhammad’s emigration from Mecca to Medina.

• Zakat: A religious tax collected from Muslims.

• Jaziya: A tax imposed upon the non-Muslims.

• Dhimmis: They were the protected people who paid tax to the government for the protection of their life and property.

• Synagogues: Places of worship for the Jews.