NCERT Solutions Class 10th Social Science Geography Chapter – 3 Water Resources
| Textbook | NCERT |
| Class | 10th |
| Subject | Social Science (Geography) |
| Chapter | 3rd |
| Chapter Name | Water Resources |
| Category | Class 10th Social Science Geography |
| Medium | English |
| Source | Last Doubt |
| NCERT Solutions Class 10th Social Science Geography Chapter – 3 Water Resources Notes In This Chapter we will read about Water Scarcity, Reasons for water scarcity, Rain Water Harvesting, Methods of Rain Water Harvesting, Water Conservation in Ancient India, Multi-purpose projects, Multi-Purpose Projects in India, Multipurpose River Valley Project, Objectives of Multi-Purpose River Valley Project, Benefits of Multi-Purpose River Projects and much more. |
NCERT Solutions Class 10th Social Science Geography Chapter – 3 Water Resources
Chapter – 3
Water Resources
Notes
| Water Scarcity – Water scarcity means lack of water or absence of water. At present, there are many states in India where there is acute shortage of water . |
| Reasons for water scarcity • Increasing population. • Over-exploitation of water resources to expand irrigated areas. • Higher demand for water with increasing urbanization and industrialization. • Unequal distribution of water among different social groups. • Excessive use and wastage of water by industries. • Over-exploitation of water in urban areas. |
| Rain Water Harvesting 1. A technique in which rain water is collected from empty places, into tanks in houses, into unused wells. It is used later. 2. In mountainous areas, irrigation of fields by changing the course of river flow through channels like ‘Gul’ and ‘Kul’. 3. Rooftop rainwater harvesting is a common technique for collecting drinking water in Rajasthan. |
| Methods of Rain Water Harvesting 1. In hilly areas, people have made channels like Gul and Kul for agriculture. People made vessels like Gul and Kul in the western Himalayas. 2. Flood water channels are formed during floods in West Bengal. 3. In the arid and semi-arid regions of Rajasthan, agricultural fields were converted into rainfed storage structures. 4. Construction of pits to collect rain water in arid and semi-arid areas. 5. Rainwater harvesting on the roof. 6. Underground tank or well for drinking in Bikaner, Phalodi and Barmer. 7. Drip irrigation system of Boss in Meghalaya. |
| Water Conservation in Ancient India 1. In the 1st century BCE, Allahabad had a sophisticated water harvesting system. 2. During the time of Chandragupta Maurya, dams, lakes and irrigation systems were built on a large scale. 3. Sophisticated irrigation works have been found at Kalinga, Nagarjunakonda in Odisha, Bennur in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Kolhapur in Maharashtra. 4. Bhopal Lake, built in the 11th century, was one of the largest artificial lakes of its time. 5. In the 14th century, Iltutmish built a tank at Hauz Khas in Delhi to supply water to the Siri Fort area. |
| Tanka – Rain water can be stored in Tanka till the next rainy season. This makes it a water source that provides drinking water during the water-scarce summer season. |
| Palar water – Rainwater that is stored in underground tanks is potable water. This is called paler water. |
| Multi-purpose projects – By building dams on rivers, an attempt is made to achieve multiple objectives at once. Dam – A barrier erected to stop, direct or reduce the flow of flowing water, usually forming a reservoir, lake or aquifer. |
| Multi-Purpose Projects in India 1. Launched after independence with their integrated water resources management approach. 2. Jawaharlal Nehru proudly declared dams as the temples of modern India. 3. It will integrate the development of agriculture and village economy with rapid industrialization and development of urban economy. |
| Multipurpose River Valley Project – Building a dam on a river to fulfill various purposes is called a multipurpose river valley project. |
| Objectives of Multi-Purpose River Valley Project 1. Hydroelectric power generation 2. Irrigation 3. Domestic and industrial water supply 4. Navigation and tourism 5. Flood control 6. Fisheries |
| Benefits of Multi-Purpose River Projects 1. Irrigation 2. Power Generation 3. Flood Control 4. Fish Breeding 5. Inland Navigation 6. Domestic and Industrial Uses |
| Criticism of Multi-Purpose River Project 1. Affects the natural flow of the river and leads to excessive sedimentation of the reservoir. 2. Negatively affects the aquatic life of the river. 3. Large scale displacement of the local community. 4. Reservoirs built on flood plains will submerge the existing vegetation and cause soil erosion over time. |
| Aquatic Works of Ancient India • It is a century before Christ that an excellent water storage system was built at Sriganvera near Allahabad Prayagraj to conserve the flood water of river Ganga. • During the time of Chandragupta Maurya, dams, lakes and irrigation systems were constructed on a large scale. • There is evidence of excellent irrigation systems in Kalinga (Odisha), Nagarjunakonda (Andhra Pradesh), Bennur (Karnataka) and Kolhapur (Maharashtra). • One of the largest artificial lakes of its time is the Bhopal Lake which was created around the 11th century. • In the 14th century, Iltutmish built Hauz Khas (a special type of pond) to supply water to the Siri Fort area in Delhi. |
| Benefits of dams 1. Irrigation 2. Electricity generation 3. Water supply for domestic and industrial needs 4. Flood control 5. Recreation and tourism 6. Fisheries |
| Dam Multi-Purpose Project 1. The uses of water collected from the dam are interdependent. 2. Dams are constructed for flood control, irrigation, power generation and distribution. 3. Dams are constructed to conserve water, vegetation and soil. 4. It also helps in promoting tourism. |
| Sources of fresh water • Rain etc. • Surface water – rivers, lakes etc. • Groundwater – Water stored in the ground, which is recharged by rain. |
| Its importance in dry areas of Rajasthan • It is the main source of drinking water when all other sources have dried up. • It is considered to be the purest form of drinking water. • In summer, these tanks keep the underground rooms and their adjoining rooms cool and clean. |
| Narmada Bachao Andolan 1. Was against the construction of Sardar Sarovar Dam on Narmada River. 2. Movement run by Non Government Organization (NGO). 3. Mobilization of tribal people, farmers, environmentalists and human rights activists against the Sardar Sarovar Project. 4. Initially this movement focused on the issue of submergence of forests in dam water. 5. Later its aim became to rehabilitate the displaced people. |
| Despite being a renewable resource, water needs to be conserved and managed. • Only 2.5 percent of the world has fresh water. • Over-exploitation of water resources. • Growing population, greater demand and unequal access. • Increasing urbanization. • Industrialization. |
| Reasons for increasing water scarcity in India: • India is a country of monsoon climate. • Many times water shortage is increasing due to absence of monsoon. • The demand for irrigation water is increasing rapidly. • Fall of underground water level due to industrial activities. • Increasing pressure on water resources due to increasing pace of urbanization. • Due to meet the needs of increasing population. |
| Negative effects of excessive irrigation • It can have major ecological consequences such as soil salinization. • This reduces the fertility of the soil. • This causes water shortage in the society. |
| NCERT Solution Class 10th Geography All Chapters Notes |
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| NCERT Solution Class 10th Geography All Chapters MCQ |
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