NCERT Solutions Class 8th Science Chapter – 1 Crop Production and Management
| Textbook | NCERT |
| Class | 8th |
| Subject | Science |
| Chapter | 1st |
| Chapter Name | Crop Production and Management |
| Category | Class 8th Science |
| Medium | English |
| Source | Last Doubt |
NCERT Solutions Class 8th Science Chapter – 1 Crop Production and Management
Chapter – 1
Crop Production and Management
Notes
| Preparation of Soil • Preparation of soil is the first step in cultivating crops for food production. • The soil is prepared for sowing the seeds of the crop. • This is carried out using various processes and tools. |
| Types of Crops • Crops, which are grown in the winter season (from October to March) are called Rabi crops. • The crops, which are sown in the rainy season (from July to October) are called Kharif crops. |
| Crop – Plants of the same kind that are grown and cultivated as a source of food in a large cultivable land is called a crop. |
| Tilling or Ploughing – The process of loosening and turning of the soil is called tilling or ploughing and is done by using a plough. |
| Sowing • Sowing is the process of planting seeds in the soil. • The seeds are sowed in the soil that is loosened by a cultivator or plough. |
| Quality of the Seeds • The quality of the seed is an important factor that determines the crop yield. • The selection of good seeds is done by putting the seeds in water. • The dead and damaged seeds become hollow and float on water, whereas the good seeds sink. |
| Crop Rotation • Crop rotation ensures that the same crop will not grow continuously and lead to the erosion of soil fertility. • By growing crops that require different sets of nutrients, we can ensure that soil fertility is restored. |
| Leaving the Land Fallow • When land is left fallow for a certain period of time, the land replenishes its nutrients by itself. • This land can be used for agriculture again. |
Important agricultural toolsPlough – This is used for tilling the soil, adding fertilisers to the crop, removing the weeds, scraping of soil, etc. This implement is made of wood and drawn by a pair of bulls. Hoe – It is used for removing weeds and for loosening the soil.  Cultivator – Used for ploughing. It is driven by a tractor. Use of cultivator saves labour and time.  Traditional Tool – The tool used traditionally for sowing seeds is shaped like a funnel.  Seed Drill – Used for sowing with the help of tractors. This tool shows the seeds uniformly at a proper distance and depth.  Sickle – Used for manual harvesting.  |
| Granaries – The harvested grains, usually are stored in huge stores, after they are’ properly dried in sunlight. Such stores are called granaries. |
| Animal husbandry – Animals reared at home or on a farm, have to be provided with proper food, shelter and care, when this is done on a large scale it is called animal husbandry. |
| Fumigation – Fumigation is the most effective method for checking the growth of insects by providing smoke or chemicals in the gaseous state without affecting the grain. |
| Vaccines are usually made for viral diseases – A few examples of vaccines are Salk vaccine for Polio, Influenza vaccine, Rabies vaccine, etc. |
| Antibiotics – Antibiotics is an inorganic or organic compound that inhibits and kills microorganisms. • Antibiotics usually target bacteria. • Thus, most bacterial diseases are treated with antibiotics. |
| Pathogens • A pathogen is any organism that causes disease. • In this context, pathogens are microorganisms. • Bacteria, protozoa and viruses can be pathogenic. |
| Chemical methods • Chemical preservatives are used in food preservation by major food industries as they are harmless to humans. • Sodium meta-bisulphate and sodium benzoate are commonly used chemical preservatives. |
| Pasteurization • Pasteurization is a process of superheating and cooling beverages to kill pathogenic microbes. • Pasteurization ensures the taste of the beverage, such as milk does not get destroyed. |
Q 1. What is crop management and production?
Ans – the growing of crops and providing all the nutrients to the crop plant that are needed and also properly storing them
Q 2. What is the conclusion of crop production and management?
Ans – Crops are plants that are produced and harvested by farmers for profit or subsistence.
Q 3. What are the types of crops?
Ans – food crops, feed crops, fiber crops, oil crops, ornamental crops, and industrial crops
Q 4. Why is crop management important?
Ans – Adoption of best crop management practices improves crop productivity and can contribute to greater yields with improved quality
Q 5. What is the crop production?
Ans – A branch of agriculture, which includes the cultivation of crops in field cultivation, vegetable growing, fruit growing, etc.
Q 6. What are the basic properties of crop production?
Ans – preparation of soil, sowing, adding manure and fertilizers, irrigation, weeding, harvesting and proper storage
Q 7. What is agriculture in one word?
Ans – the science or occupation of cultivating the soil, producing crops, and raising livestock
Q 8. What are farming methods?
Ans – Precision farming, hydroponics, aquaponics, and vertical farming
Q 9. What is the full form of crop?
Ans – CROP – Covert Rural Observation Point.
Q 10. What is crop size?
Ans – the ratio of the dimensions of a camera’s imaging area compared to a reference format
Q 11. What is called Kharif crop?
Ans – Crops that mainly grow during summer
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